Rejuvenation
is the management of rubber plantation management activities should be prepared
from the beginning . The first stage of land preparation is to be done in a
rejuvenation program . Stages ranging from demolition land clearing land to
plow , which is done after the plants need replanting . Not all land is
prepared in the same way , in some large plantation companies employ different
methods depending on the management company . Perfect land preparation will
affect the rubber planting . Land that is " clean " of the remnants
of roots and loose consistency will improve the fertility of soil physics that
will stimulate root growth of rubber trees .
1. Tillage
manually
Land
preparation can be done in several ways . At the plantation people luasannya relatively
small , land preparation is usually done manually and khemis , using
sophisticated tools and without regard to environmental sustainability . Large
plantation companies typically use mechanical means in land preparation . This
method requires a high cost compared to the manual method and khemis .
Sequences manually land preparation is as follows :
ü Slash / Imas
Slashing
done to remove small pieces of wood and weeds . The tools used are usually a
machete .
ü Logging
Manually
logging typically use long machete , ax large or with a conventional chainsaw .
Stump that is left is 30 cm from the ground .
ü Cutter
Having
fallen twigs of wood cut into small pieces to be sold or used fuel rods are cut
as needed for sale . If left to rot will not sell itself .
ü Arson and poisoning the stump
Combustion
is done only on wood that can not or will not sell . If not allowed to be sold
and given a poison that quickly decay . Stumps are left behind also given
poison to be more rapid decay.
ü Collecting and re Combustion
Wood
is still scattered and do not burn out or who have already started to rot
collected together in one place and re- burned or left to rot so that the land
looks clean . Land Clearing by way of the manual has the disadvantage of
consuming more time that is 2 months or more and white root fungus disease
potential is high.
2.
Mechanical tillage
Mechanical
rubber replanting grown in Indonesia after World War 2 . How mechanical
rejuvenation is preferred in North Sumatra to address the roots of white fungus
disease that is very dangerous . With the rejuvenation of the source of
infection mechanically white root disease either in the form of stumps or roots
that can ill be removed from the planting area .
When
the clearing is done before the dry season , which is intended to cut down the
plants will dry out soon . The dry conditions will facilitate the further
handling , whether harvested wood will be used as a household or burned . In
the Indonesian region generally falls in the dry season from February to June ,
land preparation should begin in October . Mechanical land preparation stages
are as follows :
·
Logging
The
first phase began with the clearing of old rubber tree felling using a chain
saw ( chain saw) , or by mechanical means so that the roots are encouraged to
use rubber ekscavator participate uncovered . The overthrow of the trees in the
direction so as not to interfere with the smooth regular next job . Trees that
have fallen immediately cut to length according to the size desired . Logs
obtained can be used as wood smoke or sold to a processing plant timber for the
timber industry . Parts of the branches and twigs left dismembered shorter to
facilitate the collection of the predefined paths .
While
waiting for the remaining twigs cut jobs , jobs continued to dismantle the
overthrow of the rubber plant stubble remaining in the field . Demolition stump
done using bulldozers so that most of the stumps and roots of rubber trees can
be lifted . All stumps that have been demolished along with the rest of the
branches and twigs cleaned by dirumpuk ( collected ) in certain places tried to
be exposed to sunlight as much as possible so it dries quickly . The distance
between the rubber wood piles arranged in such a way so as not to interfere
with tillage work and overlap with row crops .
If
the above work has been completed the next stage of processing is performed
ground . In addition to its main target tillage provides a space to grow a good
root also of removing the source of the disease is in the soil chiefly white root
fungus . By cultivation , the soil becomes loose body ( crumbs ) and porous ,
so that the soil aeration becomes smooth . In addition, the remains of roots
that may be the source of infection JAP will be lifted to the surface soil .
Stages in the processing of land is as follows :
·
Ripper
Riiper job done to remove the
remnants of the roots of plants that have not been raised through the stumps
and demolition are still left in the ground . The appointment is intended to
allow the rest of the roots of the roots have a chance in the sun in a certain
period of time so as to allow the inoculum JAP remaining in the soil will die .
Implementation ripper performed
twice by using a ripper drawn by using a tractor chain . This work was performed
two times the entire area will be replanted with a depth of about 45 cm fork .
So that the roots are lifted to the surface of the soil dry completely , then
the ripper ripper I and II were given a grace period of 2-3 weeks .
Furthermore, in order to perfect the results of such work towards riiper I and
II ripper intersecting and perpendicular to each other .
·
plow
The
process is intended to destroy the work of plow body and reverse the upper soil
into smaller aggregates . Because no soil inversion process , it is expected
that the source of the disease is in the soil will be exposed to the sun and
die . In addition , with the destruction of the soil body , then the soil
becomes porous , not solid and ultimately impenetrable rubber plant roots are
still experiencing growth . Simply rubber plant root growth Narrows reach the
roots become more widely so that the ability to obtain supply of nutrients and
water more and more .
As
with ripper , plow work is also done twice . This work was done by means of
disc plow is drawn using a tractor tire . Plow into at least 40 cm in
accordance with the distribution of the rubber plant root fibers . Plow done 2
times cross each other in the direction perpendicular to each other , the time
interval between the first plow and plow II interval of 21 days .
·
Ayap
roots
Work
carried out to gather roots ayap remnant pieces of rubber roots are revealed to
the soil surface through the process and plow ripper . This work is intended to
minimize the risk of attack due JAP tersisanya disease inoculum that remains
along with the rest of the plant roots .
All the rest of the plant roots and
pieces of rubber wood lagging diayap manually and collected in a particular
place to facilitate their destruction . This work was carried out with 5 each
rotation ayap root ripper I do after I, II ayap roots after Ripper II , III
ayap after plow I root , root ayap IV after plow II , and V after Chopping ayap
roots .
Chopping
Chopping activities performed to
flatten chunks of land as a result of plow work . Sliced crosswise direction
of the work perpendicular to the plow II submarine the time interval required
21 days after the work is completed plow II .
3.
Land preparation khemis
In
certain areas such as areas with undulating and hilly topography and inferior
regions where land preparation work can not be done mechanically , then use
khemis be the preferred way of clearing the right system . Khemis land
preparation is used as the main target is to clean the area and reduce disease
inoculum source roots mainly white root fungus inoculum . While the target of
providing space to grow roots just done with loose soil at the time of making
the planting hole . Due to the precedence in this way is to reduce the source
of inoculum JAP overthrow trees at a time , the remaining stump is in the
ground to die completely. This can be done by providing a chemical poison
plants and prevent the growth of JAP . Peramajaan with chemical poisoning or
poisoning a tree stump done to speed up the process of decay of plant roots
rubber so as not to be a host ( the host ) from JAP ( Rigidoporus lignosus ) .
The sequence of work in the preparation of chemically is as follows :
·
The
overthrow and tree collection
The overthrow of the tree is done
with an ax or chain saw at a height of 50 cm from the ground . Stubbles there
is intended to facilitate the process of poisoning the trees . To facilitate
the process the next job , the overthrow of the plants is done by pulling down
on a regular direction so it does not overlap with the planting lines .
Stem , branches and twigs that can
not be utilized dismembered and collected on a race track . If found diseased
plants JAP , immediate dismantling of the stump and its roots . The sections
were collected and burned to the ground in order not to be a source of
infection for the JAP young rubber trees to be planted .
·
Poisoning
stump
Poisoning of the stump can be done
with 2,4,5 - T or GARLON . In the case of 2,4,5 - T wearing then used 5 % butyl
ester of 2,4,5 - T in diesel oil to lubricate the way the solution with a brush
at the base of the stump with a height of 20 cm from the soil surface with a
width of 20 cm .
When using GARLON then stripping
the skin first performed at a height of 10 cm of soil with a width of 20 cm
stripping . Poisoning by the way this is done with a solution of 10 % GARLON
lubricate the diesel oil . Lubrication is applied to the stump that has been
peeled evenly . This method is only effective if done on a stump that is still
fresh rubber .
·
Spraying
weeds
Under conditions weeds growing area
is quite high ( > 30 cm ) accompanied by a child timber , the necessary work
pengimasan and spraying herbicides to clear land. Steps that must be done is clear
the weeds that grow evenly and mengimas and merumpuk child growing timber so
that the work becomes easy spraying area . Furthermore, spraying lawns using
both systemic and contact herbicides . Spraying is done with rotational grass 3
times . The time interval between spraying takes between 2-3 weeks .
For
areas with vegetation weeds , herbicide spraying is done 2 times . The first
area of weeds sprayed thoroughly followed by a second spraying spot . The
time interval between the first and second rotational range of 3-4 weeks . In
order to achieve the effectiveness of spraying is recommended that conditions
are sprayed leaf weeds are young. If the condition of the old leaves , pruning
should be done first , then after growing leaves , new spraying action .
In addition to the age of the
leaves , spraying weeds effectiveness is also affected by weather conditions .
Success will be high when spraying within 4-6 hours after spraying herbicide
does not happen rain . If these conditions have to be faced , spraying should
be repeated . Furthermore, areas that have been sprayed are marked according to
the date of spraying , the leaves are already starting to dry in order to be
kept from the risk of fire .